Eighth Circuit
Cherney v. City of Burnsville, CIV 06-4265 DWF/SRN, 2008 WL 108964, at *8 (D. Minn. Jan. 8, 2008) (stating that “it would be clear to a reasonable officer that Officer Smith’s pat-search of Debra’s groin area using the palm of his hand was unlawful based on the training the officers receive”).