D.C. Circuit
Goolsby v. District of Columbia, 317 F. Supp. 3d 582, 596 (D.D.C. 2018) (stating that “these rules would seem to put any reasonable dispatcher on notice that certain kinds of false reports might violate the Fourth Amendment, namely maliciously misleading police officers without suspicion of wrongdoing in a manner that leads to another’s detention”).
Eighth Circuit
Farah v. Weyker, 926 F.3d 492, 503 (8th Cir. 2019) (stating that “a reasonable officer would know that deliberately misleading another officer into arresting an innocent individual to protect a sham investigation is unlawful, regardless of the difficulties presented by the case”).
Yassin v. Weyker, 16CV2580 (JNE/TNL), 2017 WL 3425689, at *4 (D. Minn. Aug. 9, 2017), aff’d sub nom. Farah v. Weyker, 926 F.3d 492 (8th Cir. 2019) (“The Court finds that these allegations, viewed as a whole, meet the Iqbal standard and that Weyker is not entitled to qualified immunity based on these allegations that her misrepresentations directly caused Yassin’s arrest.”).