First Circuit
Goodhile v. Gribbons, 186 F. Supp. 3d 4, 13 (D. Mass. 2016) (“According to the policy, an officer is not entitled to use a baton on a suspect unless the suspect is assaultive, meaning that the suspect is engaged in behavior that is ‘likely to result in bodily harm to the member, to others at the scene or to the suspect himself.'”).